Flow Divider for Controlling and Regulating Volume Flows

The flow divider is the central component in hydraulic circuits, which can divide a volume flow as required. As its name suggests, it divides a volume flow into multiple partial flows. This is necessary for many applications.

Operating Principle of the Flow Divider

Flow dividers in technical hydraulics are therefore primarily switchable valves that redirect, divide, return, or otherwise process an existing volume flow. Two designs are available for this purpose:

• Piston Flow Divider
• Gear Flow Divider

Piston Flow Divider – Universal Switching Device in Hydraulics

A piston flow divider is the generic term for directional control valves in hydraulics. The piston flow divider consists of a sleeve and one or more internal pistons, optionally with or without a return spring. The sleeve features various connections for the incoming and outgoing lines. Depending on the position of the piston, the flow is divided, blocked, redirected, or returned. This design is also called a “spool flow divider” because the piston is displaced within the sleeve.

Gear Flow Divider for Multiple Applications

The gear flow divider is used where a particularly large number of actuators must be supplied with a volume flow. A gear flow divider can distribute a volume flow into up to six equal partial flows. Since it is very compact as a component, it enables compact circuits to be accommodated in confined spaces. Gear flow dividers are preferably used where a series of actuators must run synchronously. Synchronously switched linear or radial motors can be used to generate particularly precise, uniform motion.

Application of Flow Dividers in Hydraulics

When using a flow divider, it must always be considered that the pressure decreases downstream of the component. Therefore, an infinite number of flow dividers cannot be connected in series. Sooner or later, the residual pressure reaching the actuator will be too low to trigger the desired action. To prevent this, designers today have powerful simulation programs at their disposal. With their help, the hydraulic circuit can be tested in simulation before it is assembled on site. Especially when many flow dividers are to be installed in a complex hydraulic circuit, prior simulation is very useful.